Paper 5.8. Haplogroup H

Abstract: H1a-M69 represents almost all of the published data for Haplogroup H-M2713.  Additionally, most of the published data come from Pakistan and India. One finds widespread consensus among the geneticists that identifies H-M69 as an “indigenous” South Asian mutation.  Within this region, H-M69 is a significant mutations for deciphering the evolution of Indo-European, Dravidian and Austro-Asiatic languages.  Outside of South Asia, H-M69 is found among some Turkic and Indo-European speaking populations of Central and East Asia.  This is a potential genetic artifact of the Tocharians.  In Europe, the H-M69 mutation attains a high frequency among the Romani and confirms what historians and linguists have long suspected, that they came from India.  Surprisingly, the distantly related H2-P96 mutation is found on the Mediterranean island of Sardinia. This may represent a faint signal of the human settlement of Europe during the Paleolithic, the so-called Aurignacian archaeological transition.